Liste des juges de la Cour suprême des États-Unis
Composition actuelle des juges à la Cour suprême des États-unis d'Amérique
- Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist (né en 1924, nommé juge par le président Richard Nixon en 1972 et Chief Justice par Ronald Reagan en 1986);
- Justice John Paul Stevens (né 1920, nommé juge par Gerald Ford en 1975);
- Justice Sandra Day O'Connor (née 1930, nommée juge par Ronald Reagan en 1981);
- Justice Antonin Scalia (né 1936, nommé juge par Ronald Reagan en 1986);
- Justice Anthony Kennedy (né 1936, nommé juge par Ronald Reagan en 1988);
- Justice David Souter (né 1939, nommé juge par George H. W. Bush en 1990);
- Justice Clarence Thomas (né 1948, nommé juge par George H. W. Bush en 1991).
- Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg (née 1933, nommée juge par Bill Clinton en 1993);
- Justice Stephen Breyer (né 1938, nommé juge par Bill Clinton en 1994);
Les juges Rehnquist, Scalia, et Thomas sont vus comme conservateurs, Breyer, Ginsburg, et Stevens sont considérés comme des progressistes alors que les juges Kennedy, Souter, et O'Connor sont des modérés et détiennent les votes charnières.
Les juges par ordre chronologique
The following list consists of past Supreme Court Justices since 1789 placed in the order in which they took the judicial oath of office. The names of Justices who are active (as of November 28, 2004) are in bold. Justices who received a recess appointment to the Supreme Court have an asterisk following their name.
| Name | State | Term of Office | Appointed By | Seat | Reason Service Terminated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| James Wilson | PA | Oct 5, 1789 - Aug 21, 1798 | Washington | Associate Justice (Seat #1) | died in office |
| John Jay | NY | Oct 19, 1789 - Jun 29, 1795 | Washington | Chief Justice | resigned |
| William Cushing | MA | Feb 2, 1790 - Sep 13, 1810 | Washington | Associate Justice (Seat #2) | died in office |
| John Blair | VA | Feb 2, 1790 - Oct 25, 1795 | Washington | Associate Justice (Seat #3) | resigned |
| John Rutledge | SC | Feb 15, 1790 - Mar 5, 1791 | Washington | Associate Justice (Seat #4) | resigned |
| James Iredell | NC | May 12, 1790 - Oct 20, 1799 | Washington | Associate Justice (Seat #5) | died in office |
| Thomas Johnson | MD | Aug 6, 1792 - Jan 16, 1793 | Washington | Associate Justice (Seat #4) | resigned |
| William Paterson | NJ | Mar 11, 1793 - Sep 9, 1806 | Washington | Associate Justice (Seat #4) | died in office |
| John Rutledge * | SC | Aug 12, 1795 - Dec 15, 1795 | Washington | Chief Justice | recess appointment rejected by Senate |
| Samuel Chase | MD | Feb 4, 1796 - Jun 19, 1811 | Washington | Associate Justice (Seat #3) | died in office |
| Oliver Ellsworth | CT | Mar 8, 1796 - Dec 15, 1800 | Washington | Chief Justice | resigned |
| Bushrod Washington | VA | Feb 4, 1799 - Nov 26, 1829 | Adams | Associate Justice (Seat #1) | died in office |
| Alfred Moore | NC | Apr 21, 1800 - Jan 26, 1804 | Adams | Associate Justice (Seat #5) | resigned |
| John Marshall | VA | Feb 4, 1801 - Jul 6, 1835 | Adams | Chief Justice | died in office |
| William Johnson | SC | May 7, 1804 - Aug 4, 1834 | Jefferson | Associate Justice (Seat #5) | died in office |
| Henry Brockholst Livingston | NY | Jan 20, 1807 - Mar 18, 1823 | Jefferson | Associate Justice (Seat #4) | died in office |
| Thomas Todd | KY | May 4, 1807 - Feb 7, 1826 | Jefferson | Associate Justice (Seat #6) | died in office |
| Gabriel Duval | MD | Nov 23, 1811 - Jan 14, 1835 | Madison | Associate Justice (Seat #3) | resigned |
| Joseph Story | MA | Feb 3, 1812 - Sep 10, 1845 | Madison | Associate Justice (Seat #2) | died in office |
| Smith Thompson * | NY | Dec 9, 1823 - Dec 18, 1843 | Monroe | Associate Justice (Seat #4) | died in office |
| Robert Trimble | KY | Jun 16, 1826 - Aug 25, 1828 | J. Q. Adams | Associate Justice (Seat #6) | died in office |
| John McLean | OH | Jan 11, 1830 - Apr 4, 1861 | Jackson | Associate Justice (Seat #6) | died in office |
| Henry Baldwin | PA | Jan 18, 1830 - Apr 21, 1844 | Jackson | Associate Justice (Seat #1) | died in office |
| James Moore Wayne | GA | Jan 14, 1835 - Jul 5, 1867 | Jackson | Associate Justice (Seat #5) | died in office |
| Roger Brooke Taney | MD | Mar 28, 1836 - Oct 12, 1864 | Jackson | Chief Justice | died in office |
| Philip Pendleton Barbour | VA | May 12, 1836 - Feb 25, 1841 | Jackson | Associate Justice (Seat #3) | died in office |
| John Catron | TN | May 1, 1837 - May 30, 1865 | Van Buren | Associate Justice (Seat #7) | died in office |
| John McKinley | AL | Jan 9, 1838 - Jul 19, 1852 | Van Buren | Associate Justice (Seat #8) | died in office |
| Peter Vivian Daniel | VA | Jan 10, 1842 - May 31, 1860 | Van Buren | Associate Justice (Seat #3) | died in office |
| Samuel Nelson | NY | Feb 27, 1845 - Nov 28, 1872 | Tyler | Associate Justice (Seat #4) | retired |
| Levi Woodbury * | NH | Sep 23, 1845 - Sep 4, 1851 | Polk | Associate Justice (Seat #2) | died in office |
| Robert Cooper Grier | PA | Aug 10, 1846 - Jan 31, 1870 | Polk | Associate Justice (Seat #1) | retired |
| Benjamin Robbins Curtis * | MA | Oct 10, 1851 - Sep 30, 1857 | Fillmore | Associate Justice (Seat #2) | resigned |
| John Archibald Campbell | AL | Apr 11, 1853 - Apr 30, 1861 | Pierce | Associate Justice (Seat #8) | resigned |
| Nathan Clifford | ME | Jan 21, 1858 - Jul 25, 1881 | Buchanan | Associate Justice (Seat #2) | died in office |
| Noah Haynes Swayne | OH | Jan 27, 1862 - Jan 24, 1881 | Lincoln | Associate Justice (Seat #6) | retired |
| Samuel Freeman Miller | IA | Jul 21, 1862 - Oct 13, 1890 | Lincoln | Associate Justice (Seat #3) | died in office |
| David Davis | IL | Dec 10, 1862 - Mar 4, 1877 | Lincoln | Associate Justice (Seat #8) | resigned |
| Stephen Johnson Field | CA | May 20, 1863 - Dec 1, 1897 | Lincoln | Associate Justice (Seat #9) | retired |
| Salmon Portland Chase | OH | Dec 15, 1864 - May 7, 1873 | Lincoln | Chief Justice | died in office |
| William Strong | PA | Mar 15, 1870 - Dec 14, 1880 | Grant | Associate Justice (Seat #1) | retired |
| Joseph Philo Bradley | NJ | Mar 23, 1870 - Jan 22, 1892 | Grant | Associate Justice (Seat #10) | died in office |
| Ward Hunt | NY | Jan 9, 1873 - Jan 27, 1882 | Grant | Associate Justice (Seat #4) | retired |
| Morrison Remick Waite | OH | Mar 4, 1874 - Mar 23, 1888 | Grant | Chief Justice | died in office |
| John Marshall Harlan | KY | Dec 10, 1877 - Oct 14, 1911 | Hayes | Associate Justice (Seat #8) | died in office |
| William Burnham Woods | GA | Jan 5, 1881 - May 14, 1887 | Hayes | Associate Justice (Seat #1) | died in office |
| Thomas Stanley Matthews | OH | May 17, 1881 - Mar 22, 1889 | Garfield | Associate Justice (Seat #6) | died in office |
| Horace Gray | MA | Jan 9, 1882 - Sep 15, 1902 | Arthur | Associate Justice (Seat #2) | died in office |
| Samuel Blatchford | NY | Apr 3, 1882 - Jul 7, 1893 | Arthur | Associate Justice (Seat #4) | died in office |
| Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar | MS | Jan 18, 1888 - Jan 23, 1893 | Cleveland | Associate Justice (Seat #1) | died in office |
| Melville Weston Fuller | IL | Oct 8, 1888 - Jul 4, 1910 | Cleveland | Chief Justice | died in office |
| David Josiah Brewer | KS | Jan 6, 1890 - Mar 28, 1910 | Harrison | Associate Justice (Seat #6) | died in office |
| Henry Billings Brown | MI | Jan 5, 1891 - May 28, 1906 | Harrison | Associate Justice (Seat #3) | retired |
| George Shiras, Jr. | PA | Oct 10, 1892 - Feb 23, 1903 | Harrison | Associate Justice (Seat #10) | retired |
| Howell Edmunds Jackson | TN | Mar 14, 1893 - Aug 8, 1895 | Harrison | Associate Justice (Seat #1) | died in office |
| Edward Douglass White | LA | Mar 12, 1894 - Dec 18, 1910 | Cleveland | Associate Justice (Seat #4) | elevated to Chief Justice |
| Rufus Wheeler Peckham | NY | Jan 6, 1896 - Oct 24, 1909 | Cleveland | Associate Justice (Seat #1) | died in office |
| Joseph McKenna | CA | Jan 26, 1898 - Jan 5, 1925 | McKinley | Associate Justice (Seat #9) | retired |
| Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. | MA | Dec 8, 1902 - Jan 12, 1932 | T. Roosevelt | Associate Justice (Seat #2) | retired |
| William Rufus Day | OH | Mar 2, 1903 - Nov 13, 1922 | T. Roosevelt | Associate Justice (Seat #10) | retired |
| William Henry Moody | MA | Dec 17, 1906 - Nov 20, 1910 | T. Roosevelt | Associate Justice (Seat #3) | resigned |
| Horace Harmon Lurton | TN | Jan 3, 1910 - Jul 12, 1914 | Taft | Associate Justice (Seat #1) | died in office |
| Charles Evans Hughes | NY | Oct 10, 1910 - Jun 10, 1916 | Taft | Associate Justice (Seat #6) | resigned |
| Edward Douglass White | LA | Dec 19, 1910 - May 19, 1921 | Taft | Chief Justice | died in office |
| Willis Van Devanter | WY | Jan 3, 1911 - Jun 2, 1937 | Taft | Associate Justice (Seat #4) | died in office |
| Joseph Rucker Lamar | GA | Jan 3, 1911 - Jan 2, 1916 | Taft | Associate Justice (Seat #3) | died in office |
| Mahlon Pitney | NJ | Mar 18, 1912 - Dec 31, 1922 | Taft | Associate Justice (Seat #8) | resigned |
| James Clark McReynolds | TN | Oct 12, 1914 - Jan 31, 1941 | Wilson | Associate Justice (Seat #1) | assumed senior status |
| Louis Dembitz Brandeis | MA | Jun 5, 1916 - Feb 13, 1939 | Wilson | Associate Justice (Seat #3) | assumed senior status |
| John Hessin Clarke | OH | Oct 9, 1916 - Sep 18, 1922 | Wilson | Associate Justice (Seat #6) | resigned |
| William Howard Taft | OH | Jul 11, 1921 - Feb 3, 1930 | Harding | Chief Justice | resigned Modèle:Ref 1 |
| George Sutherland | UT | Oct 2, 1922 - Jan 17, 1938 | Harding | Associate Justice (Seat #6) | assumed senior status |
| Pierce Butler | MN | Jan 2, 1923 - Nov 16, 1939 | Harding | Associate Justice (Seat #10) | died in office |
| Edward Terry Sanford | TN | Feb 19, 1923 - Mar 8, 1930 | Harding | Associate Justice (Seat #8) | died in office |
| Harlan Fiske Stone | NY | Mar 2, 1925 - Jul 2, 1941 | Coolidge | Associate Justice (Seat #9) | elevated to Chief Justice |
| Charles Evans Hughes | NY | Feb 24, 1930 - Jun 30, 1941 | Hoover | Chief Justice | retired |
| Owen Josephus Roberts | PA | Jun 2, 1930 - Jul 31, 1945 | Hoover | Associate Justice (Seat #8) | resigned |
| Benjamin Nathan Cardozo | NY | Mar 31, 1932 - Jul 9, 1938 | Hoover | Associate Justice (Seat #2) | died in office |
| Hugo LaFayette Black | AL | Aug 19, 1937 - Sep 17, 1971 | F. Roosevelt | Associate Justice (Seat #4) | died in office |
| Stanley Forman Reed | KY | Jan 31, 1938 - Feb 25, 1957 | F. Roosevelt | Associate Justice (Seat #6) | assumed senior status |
| Felix Frankfurter | MA | Jan 30, 1939 - Aug 28, 1962 | F. Roosevelt | Associate Justice (Seat #2) | assumed senior status |
| William Orville Douglas | CT | Apr 17, 1939 - Nov 12, 1975 | F. Roosevelt | Associate Justice (Seat #3) | assumed senior status |
| Francis William Murphy | MI | Feb 5, 1940 - Jul 19, 1949 | F. Roosevelt | Associate Justice (Seat #10) | died in office |
| Harlan Fiske Stone | NY | Jul 3, 1941 - Apr 22, 1946 | F. Roosevelt | Chief Justice | died in office |
| James Francis Byrnes | SC | Jul 8, 1941 - Oct 3, 1942 | F. Roosevelt | Associate Justice (Seat #1) | resigned |
| Robert Houghwout Jackson | NY | Jul 11, 1941 - Oct 9, 1954 | F. Roosevelt | Associate Justice (Seat #9) | died in office |
| Wiley Blount Rutledge | IA | Feb 15, 1943 - Sep 10, 1949 | F. Roosevelt | Associate Justice (Seat #1) | died in office |
| Harold Hitz Burton | OH | Oct 1, 1945 - Oct 13, 1958 | Truman | Associate Justice (Seat #8) | assumed senior status |
| Frederick Moore Vinson | KY | Jun 24, 1946 - Sep 8, 1953 | Truman | Chief Justice | died in office |
| Thomas Campbell Clark | TX | Aug 24, 1949 - Jun 12, 1967 | Truman | Associate Justice (Seat #10) | assumed senior status |
| Sherman Minton | IN | Oct 12, 1949 - Oct 15, 1956 | Truman | Associate Justice (Seat #1) | assumed senior status |
| Earl Warren * | CA | Oct 5, 1953 - Jun 23, 1969 | Eisenhower | Chief Justice | assumed senior status |
| John Marshall Harlan II | NY | Mar 28, 1955 - Sep 23, 1971 | Eisenhower | Associate Justice (Seat #9) | assumed senior status |
| William Joseph Brennan * | NJ | Oct 16, 1956 - Jul 20, 1990 | Eisenhower | Associate Justice (Seat #1) | assumed senior status |
| Charles Evans Whittaker | MO | Mar 25, 1957 - Mar 31, 1962 | Eisenhower | Associate Justice (Seat #6) | assumed senior status |
| Potter Stewart * | OH | Oct 14, 1958 - Jul 3, 1981 | Eisenhower | Associate Justice (Seat #8) | assumed senior status |
| Byron Raymond White | CO | Apr 16, 1962 - Jun 28, 1993 | Kennedy | Associate Justice (Seat #6) | assumed senior status |
| Arthur Joseph Goldberg | IL | Oct 1, 1962 - Jul 25, 1965 | Kennedy | Associate Justice (Seat #2) | resigned |
| Abe Fortas | TN | Oct 4, 1965 - May 14, 1969 | Johnson | Associate Justice (Seat #2) | resigned |
| Thurgood Marshall | NY | Oct 2, 1967 - Oct 1, 1991 | Johnson | Associate Justice (Seat #10) | assumed senior status |
| Warren Earl Burger | VA | Jun 23, 1969 - Sep 26, 1986 | Nixon | Chief Justice | assumed senior status |
| Harry Andrew Blackmun | MN | Jun 9, 1970 - Aug 3, 1994 | Nixon | Associate Justice (Seat #2) | assumed senior status |
| Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr. | VA | Jan 7, 1972 - Jun 26, 1987 | Nixon | Associate Justice (Seat #4) | assumed senior status |
| William Hubbs Rehnquist | AZ | Jan 7, 1972 - Sep 26, 1986 | Nixon | Associate Justice (Seat #9) | elevated to Chief Justice |
| John Paul Stevens | IL | Dec 19, 1975 | Ford | Associate Justice (Seat #3) | |
| Sandra Day O'Connor | AZ | Sep 25, 1981 | Reagan | Associate Justice (Seat #8) | |
| William Hubbs Rehnquist | AZ | Sep 26, 1986 | Reagan | Chief Justice | |
| Antonin Scalia | VA | Sep 26, 1986 | Reagan | Associate Justice (Seat #9) | |
| Anthony McLeod Kennedy | CA | Feb 18, 1988 | Reagan | Associate Justice (Seat #4) | |
| David Hackett Souter | NH | Oct 9, 1990 | G. H. W. Bush | Associate Justice (Seat #1) | |
| Clarence Thomas | GA | Oct 23, 1991 | G. H. W. Bush | Associate Justice (Seat #10) | |
| Ruth Joan Bader Ginsburg | NY | Aug 10, 1993 | Clinton | Associate Justice (Seat #6) | |
| Stephen Gerald Breyer | MA | Aug 3, 1994 | Clinton | Associate Justice (Seat #2) |
Notes
- Le mandat du juge commence lorsque ce dernier prête serment.
Sièges
- There are 11 seats shown: one Chief Justiceship and ten Associate Justiceships. Two of the Associate Justiceships (5 and 7) have been abolished, leaving the 9-seat Court we are familiar with.
- The seat of Chief Justice was established by the Constitution and organized by the Judiciary Act of 1789 September 24th [see 1 Stat. 73].
- The Associate Justiceships are numbered in order of their creation. If seats were established simultaneously, they are numbered in the order in which they were filled.
- Associate Justice Seats #1 – 5 were established by the Judiciary Act of 1789 September 24th [see 1 Stat. 73].
- Seat #6 was established by the Seventh Circuit Act of 1807 February 24th [see 2 Stat. 420].
- Seats #7 and 8 were established by the Eighth and Ninth Circuits Act of 1837 March 3rd [see 5 Stat. 176].
- Seat #9 was established by the Tenth Circuit Act of 1863 March 3rd [see 12 Stat. 794].
- The Judicial Circuits Act of 1866 July 23rd [see 14 Stat. 209] was passed to prevent President Andrew Johnson from filling any vacancies in the Supreme Court. It provided that each Associate Justiceship would be abolished as it became vacant until the court was down to six Associate Justiceships.
- Seat #7 was vacant at the time of passage of the Judicial Circuits Act of 1866, and hence was abolished on 1866 July 23rd. This meant that John Catron was not only the first occupant of Seat #7 but the last.
- Seat #5 was abolished upon the death of James Moore Wayne on 1867 July 5th.
- The Judicial Circuits Act was superseded by the Circuit Judges Act of 1869 April 10th [see 16 Stat. 44] before a third seat could be abolished.
- Seat #10 was established by the Circuit Judges Act of 1869.
Question ouverte
There is some disagreement on how William Howard Taft exited office. According to some sources, such as the Supreme Court Historical Society, Mr. Taft retired. According to others, such as the Federal Judicial Center, Mr. Taft resigned.