Vancouver

Vancouver redirige ici. Ne pas confondre avec le plus petit Vancouver, Washington, USA, faubourg de Portland, Oregon. Pour d’autres usage regarder Vancouver (homonymie)

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Vancouver est une ville canadienne, dans la province de la Colombie-Britannique. C’est un port important et la métropole la plus grosse de l’ouest canadien, domicile de 545.000 humains en 2001. C’est la ville principale du Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD) le district et de la région connue comme la continentale basse, où 1.986.965 people (2001) vivaient. Le maire présentement est Larry Campbell, Coalition of Progressive Electors (socialisant).

Sommaire [cacher] 1 situation

2 Histoire

3 Paysage

4 Climat

5 Vivre

6 Peuple

7 Industrie

8 Transportation

9 Sites d’ntéret

10 Colleges et universités

11 Professional Sports Teams

12 Location Relative to Other Municipalities in Greater Vancouver

13 Municipalities dans le Greater Vancouver

1 References 2 External Links

Situation Vancouver est situé à 49 degrees, 16 minutes nord, et 123 degrees, 7 minutes ouest, dans la zone horaire Pacific (UTC-8). Il est adjacent au Strait of Georgia, un bras de mer qui le sépare de l’ile de Vancouver et se connecte à l’océan pacifique.

Histoire L’écosystème, avec son abundance de plantes et de vie animale, procure une variété de nourriture et de materiaux qui ont probably supporté des gens depuis plus de 10,000 ans. Un camp nommé “Wu’muthkweyum,” (Musqueam), signifiant “peuple de l’herbe,” près de la bouche de la rivière fraser, remonte à 3,000 ans. Au moment du contact avec les européens les peuples Musqueam, et Squamish avaient des villages dans la zone maintenant appellé Vancouver. Il y a aussi l’evidence d’un troisième groupe, les Tsleil’wauthuth, ancetres de l’actuelle Burrard Bande à North Vancouver. These were Coast Salish First Nations sharing cultural traits with people in the Fraser Valley and Northern Washington. Halkomelem was the common language of the river people, and the Squamish spoke a different language.

Spanish Captain Jose Maria Narvaez was the first European to explore the Strait of Georgia in 1791. In the following year, 1792, the British naval Captain George Vancouver (1757-1798) from King's Lynn in Norfolk joined the Spanish expedition based at Nootka Sound on Vancouver Island's west coast and further explored the Strait of Georgia, as well as Puget Sound.

La coupe des arbres fut la première industrie le long du Burrard Inlet, now the site of Vancouver's port. La première scierie commença à operer en 1863 at Moodyville (in 1915, renamed "North Vancouver"). The first export of lumber took place in 1865; this lumber was shipped to Australia. By 1865 the first sawmill, Stamp's Mill, started in what was to become the City of Vancouver.

In 1870, the colonial government of British Columbia surveyed the community officially known as Granville. It was sited immediately west of Stamp's Mill and commonly known as Gastown, a name that survives today.

In 1885 Granville was selected by the Canadian Pacific Railway to be the western terminus of the transcontinental railway commissioned by the government of Canada under the leadership of Prime Minister Sir John A. MacDonald. (This led to Vancouver's infrequently used nickname, Terminal City). On April 6, 1886, the City of Vancouver was incorporated, and in May 1887, the first train from Montreal arrived.

Avec l’arrivée du chemin de fer, Vancouver commença à grossir rapidement du à l’access au marché continental. De plus, as part of the agreement to join the Confederation, British Columbia's debt of approximately $1,000,000 was paid in full by the Canadian government, creating additional business opportunities.

Paysage Vancouver is home to North America's third largest urban park, Stanley Park. Despite having all the urban amenities of a big city, Vancouver has quick access to the sea and the mountains of the Coast Range. Due to the enclosure of mountains and water, buildings in downtown Vancouver are similar to highrises found in central Hong Kong. On a clear day one can see Mount Baker (a volcano in Washington state) to the southeast.

Climat Le climat tempéré de Vancouver va contre le stéréotype canadien et c'est typiquement la ville principale la plus chaude au Canada en hiver. La température et le climat sont semblables à celui de Seattle, la grosse ville des E.U.d’A. la plus proche à environ 300 km. Les montagnes environnantes sont enneigées, mais pas au niveau de la mer. Les mois d'été sont d'habitude ensoleillés et la température se maintient au-dessus de 20 degrés Celsius. Le printemps et l'automne sont typiquement pluvieux et venteux.

Living Vancouver is a relaxed city with many diversions and easy access to outdoor activities such as hiking, cycling, boating and skiing. There is a lively cultural scene. Some have called it a "city of neighbourhoods," each with its own distinctive character.

Vancouver can be an expensive city, as housing prices are among the highest in Canada. Various strategies aim to lessen housing costs. These include cooperative housing, suites, increased density and smart growth. Nevertheless, as with many other cities on the west coast of North America, homelessness is a concern, as is the growing gulf between rich and poor.

People Vancouver is home to people of many ethnic backgrounds and religions. It contains the second largest Chinatown in North America, (after San Francisco). Street signs written in Chinese and Punjabi (with original English names) can be seen in those respective cultural communities. Prior to the hand-over of Hong Kong to China many Chinese immigrants made Vancouver their home.

Vancouver is has many progressive elements, including a bustling music and art scene and innovative approaches to drug-related harm. The Four Pillars Drug Strategy combines harm reduction (needle exchanges, safe injection sites) with prevention, treatment and enforcement. Marijuana laws are generally unenforced within the city region allowing several "marijuana cafes" to open, earning it the name the Amsterdam of the North.

Industrie Vancouver est le plus grand port du Canada et la porte de l'Amérique du Nord pour le commerce d'Asie-Pacifique. Il se classe second en Amérique du Nord dans des exportations étrangères totales et la seconde sur la côte ouest dans le volume total de cargaison.

"Hollywood Nord," comme la ville a été appelée, accueille typiquement 10 % des films de Hollywood. Beaucoup de série américaine de télévision sont filmées exclusivement à Vancouver.

Le tourism is une industrie essentielle à Vancouver. Whistler, BC, à 126 kilometres au nord de Vancouver, est une station de ski réputée et de catégorie mondiale. Grouse Mountain, Mount Seymour and Cypress Mountain, chacun avec une variété de sport d’été et d'hiver, est à trente minutes du centre ville sous la restriction du passage des ponts et en particulier celui du premier détroit. Les côtes de la ville, des parcs, le bord de mer et le fond de montagne, combiné avec son caractère culturel et multi-ethnique, tous contribuent à son attrait unique.

Vancouver et Whistler seront les hotes des olympiques d’hiver en 2010. Vancouver fut le site de l’exposition mondiale sur les transports en 1986.

Transportation The Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD) operates a regional rapid transit system, under the name of TransLink. There is frequent bus service throughout Greater Vancouver. A passenger-only ferry service (known as SeaBus) crosses Burrard Inlet to North Vancouver, while a two-line metro system, the SkyTrain, links the downtown to Burnaby, New Westminster, and Surrey. All these services have an integrated ticketing system, making public transport cheap and efficient. The Richmond-Airport-Vancouver Rapid Transit Project is scheduled for completion in time for the 2010 Winter Games. In addition, private companies operate leisure-oriented passenger ferry services, around False Creek. HarbourLynx, provides passenger-only ferry service from Vancouver harbour to Nanaimo harbour on Vancouver Island.

Faire du vélo est assez facile avec les larges trottoirs et avenues.

Municipal bylaws and geography have protected Vancouver from the spread of urban freeways, and the only freeway within city limits is Highway 1, which passes through the eastern edge of the city.

Vancouver is served by Vancouver International Airport, located on Sea Island in Richmond. The airport is one of the busiest on the West Coast. A heliport and seaplane dock on Burrard Inlet link downtown directly to Victoria. Vancouver is also served by two B.C. Ferry terminals, one to the northwest near the village of Horseshoe Bay, and one to the south, at Tsawwassen, linking the city to Vancouver Island and other nearby islands.

Sites d’interet Des immeubles significatifs dans la cité inclus Christ Church Cathedral, l’ Hotel Vancouver (now part of the Fairmont chain), the Musée d’Anthropology at the University of British Columbia (with a world standard collection of Native American art including work by Bill Reid) and the Vancouver Art Gallery (notable collections include illustrations by Chagall and paintings by Emily Carr). There are several striking modern buildings in the downtown area, including the Vancouver Law Courts and surrounding plaza (Arthur Ericson, architect) and the Library Square (Moshe Safdie), with its arches remniscent of a Roman coliseum. Neighbourhoods of interest within the city include the downtown area, Gastown, Chinatown (especially the Dr Sun Yat Sen classical Chinese garden), and Granville Island, Stanley Park, and the University of British Columbia campus and adjacent parklands.

Colleges et Universités Vancouver and its adjacent communities are the home of two major universities, the University of British Columbia (UBC) and Simon Fraser University (SFU), as well as a number of community colleges.

List of Mayors of Vancouver

Professional Sports Teams

• Vancouver Canucks (National Hockey League)
• British Columbia Lions (Canadian Football League)
• Vancouver Ravens (National Lacrosse League)
• Vancouver Whitecaps (A League Soccer)

Location Relative to Other Municipalities in Greater Vancouver

North: West Vancouver | North Vancouver West: Strait of Georgia Vancouver East: Burnaby South: Richmond

Municipalities in Greater Vancouver

There are 21 municipalities in the Greater Vancouver Regional District:

• Village of Anmore
• Village of Belcarra
• Bowen Island Municipality
• City of Burnaby
• City of Coquitlam
• Corporation of Delta
• City of Langley
• Township of Langley
• Village of Lions Bay
• District of Maple Ridge
• City of New Westminster
• City of North Vancouver
• District of North Vancouver
• District of Pitt Meadows
• City of Port Coquitlam
• City of Port Moody
• City of Richmond
• City of Surrey
• City of Vancouver
• District of West Vancouver
• City of White Rock

References

• Macdonald, B. 1992. Vancouver: a visual history. Vancouver: TALLONBOOKS.

External Links

• City of Vancouver
• Port of Vancouver